Burning and air

Air is mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Of these, oxygen is the one that lets things burn; nitrogen and carbon dioxide do not. To keep a candle burning inside a jar, fresh air with oxygen has to keep coming in, and the flame goes out when the oxygen runs low. When something burns, some of the oxygen in the air is used up and carbon dioxide is made instead. Limewater shows that there is more carbon dioxide after burning. Burning things inside jars of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide makes the work of oxygen clear.

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